

Breast cancer is a malignancy of the breast that is common in women and rare in men. It is characterized by unregulated replication of cells creating tumours, with the possibility of some of the cells spreading to other sites – a process known as metastasis. Historically, the diagnosis of breast cancer typically occurred when a painless one-sided lump is discovered. In recent years, diagnosis begins with suspicious findings from a routine screening mammogram. In more advanced cases, changes to the contour of the affected breast may occur, and the lump may eventually become immovable.
If breast cancer spreads to a distant part of the body (distal metastasis), symptoms are determined by the location to which the cancer has spread. For example, if breast cancer spreads to bone, it frequently causes bone pain; if it spreads to the brain, it generally causes neurological symptoms, such as headaches that do not respond to aspirin. When it has spread to other parts of the body, breast cancer also eventually causes severe weight loss, untreatable fatigue-inducing anaemia, and finally death.
SCREENING: Most breast cancer is not hereditary, although a small percentage of women have a genetic weakness that dramatically increases their risk. Women with a strong family history of breast cancer may choose to explore the possibility of genetic testing with a geneticist, found on the staff of many major hospitals. Aside from this and the importance of a personal self screening and doctor ordered mammography, there are two other tests that should be considered.
tFFDP: International studies have linked elevated levels of tFFDP to numerous different types of cancer. Combined with the CA 15-3 test included to assess breast cancer in women, FirstMark ONC provides evidence of numerous types of cancer. (www.thefirstmark.com) The test leverages a unique proprietary formula that captures and quantitatively measures the amount of this cancer-related tFFDP biomarker to most accurately assess whether or not cancer is present. High levels of tFFDP can be a result of a cellular disregulation, such as the type observed in cancer. It must be noted that high levels of tFFDP also may result from other conditions affected by the coagulation system, such as clotting disorders, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, pre-eclampsia, injury or illness. This marker should not be used to provide a diagnosis of any medical condition, but should be used as a tool to assess the likelihood that a patient has cancer, which in turn may warrant follow-up tests if positive. Results are processed using a simple blood draw.
E2:E16 Estrogen ratio: Along with a full family history review, genetic assessment, regular check-ups, self-screening, and a tFFDP test, evaluating how estrogen is being processed in your body is also highly relevant. The potential impact of estrogen on a woman’s health and wellbeing is enormous. A simple urine test is provided by Genova Diagnostics. (www.gdx.net) yields clinical insight into many estrogen-dependent conditions such as estrogen positive breast cancer and provides an important tool for monitoring dietary, lifestyle and hormone therapies. Estrogen is metabolized in two ways in the body. Along one bio-chemical pathway, it is converted into a powerful metabolite, 16a-hydroxyestrone (16a-OHE1), that acts to stimulate target tissues. Alternatively, the body can break down estrogen into a much weaker metabolite called 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1). A proper balance between 2-OHE1 and 16a-OH1 (commonly referred to as the E2:E16 ratio) is key to optimal health.
Risk: The incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer varies dramatically from one part of the world to the other, and those who move from one country to another will, on average, over time, begin to take on the risk of the new society to which they have moved. This suggests that most, though not all, breast cancer is preventable. However, great controversy exists about which factors are most responsible for the large differences in breast cancer incidence that separate high-risk populations from low-risk populations. A few factors that affect the risk of having breast cancer are widely accepted:
Several other factors may affect a woman’s risk of getting breast cancer. Many researchers and some doctors believe that long-term (greater than five years) use of oral contraceptives increases the risk of pre-menopausal breast cancer, but not the risk of post-menopausal breast cancer. Also, being overweight appears to slightly reduce the risk of pre-menopausal breast cancer, even though it increases the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer.
Almost all women with non-invasive breast cancer (ductal carcinoma in situ), along with a majority of women diagnosed with node-negative invasive breast cancer, are cured with appropriate conventional treatment. Even when breast cancer is diagnosed after it has spread to the lymph nodes, many patients are curable. Once breast cancer has spread to a distant part of the body, conventional treatment sometimes extends life but cannot provide a cure. In part two of this article, which will be published in the December issue of Tonic, I’ll review natural treatments for breast cancer.
Dr. Bryce Wylde is one o Canada's leading experts on natural medicine. He is hte author of The antioxidant Prescription and host of Wylde On Health on CP24. Please visit www.wyldeabouthealth.com
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